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Thank you to the following people and organizations who helped create this module:
Content developers:
Jordan Kassalow, Sri Marmamula, Kylie Shae
Content contributors:
Claire Ibell-Roberts, Lucy Norris, Mitasha Yu.
Reviewers:
Rebecca Sumalini Chakram, Fabrizio D’Esposito, Dr Suit May Ho, Gaute Mohn Jenssen, Jill Keefe, Imran Khan, Sophie Koh, , Dr Manfred Moerchen, Priya Morjaria.
Illustration, graphics and media:
Codi Ash, Ainsley Hadden.
Pilot partners:
India: Bangalore Baptist Hospital; Department of Health; LV Prasad Eye Institute; Mobility India
Papua New Guinea: National Department of Health (NDOH) Health Facilities Standards Branch; National Capital District Community (NCDC) Health Services; Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH) Eye Clinic; National Orthotics and Prosthetics Service (NOPS); Motivation Australia.
Management of conflict of interest:
All contributors involved in the development of this module completed a Declaration of Interests form. WHO assessed these declarations and managed any potential conflicts of interest in accordance with its policies. Where a conflict was identified, appropriate measures were taken to ensure the integrity and independence of the process.
Source material and references
Education and Research Unit, Brien Holden Foundation, Primary eye health and vision screening manual. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Brien Holden Foundation; 2020. Accessed January 2021.
EYEAlliance, World Economic Forum, Eyeglasses for Global Development: Bridging the Visual Divide. Cologny: World Economic Forum; 2016. Accessed January 2021.
Reddy PA, Congdon N, MacKenzie G, Parikshit Gogate P, Wen Q, Jan C, et al, Effect of providing near glasses on productivity among rural Indian tea workers with presbyopia (PROSPER): a randomized trial. Lancet Global Health. 2018; 6: e1019–27. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30329-2. Accessed January 2021.
World Health Organization, Package of eye care interventions. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. ISBN: 978-92-4-004895-9. Accessed October 2024.
World Health Organization, Vision and eye screening implementation handbook. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. ISBN: 978-92-4-008245-8. Accessed October 2024.