Problemas de la visión de lejos y de cerca
Una causa frecuente de problemas con la visión de lejos o de cerca es el defecto de refracción. Esto se debe a la forma del ojo de la persona.
Types of refractive error that can affect people are:
- Distance vision problems (myopia or short-sighted)
- Near vision problems (hyperopia or long-sighted)
- Near vision problems in older adults (presbyopia)
- Astigmatismo
Distance vision problems (myopia): People with myopia can see close objects clearly, however more distant objects are blurry.
Near vision problems (hyperopia): People with hyperopia can see things clearly in the distance but have difficulty seeing things that are near. However, in some cases, both near and distance vision may be a problem.
Near vision problems in older adults (presbyopia): People with presbyopia have difficulty seeing things that are near. Presbyopia only occurs when people reach the age of 40 years or over. They may notice that near vision activities become more difficult, or their eyes get tired with these activities.
Astigmatismo: Las personas con astigmatismo tienen problemas para ver con nitidez tanto de lejos como de cerca. Es posible que comenten que tienen la vista cansada o que sienten que están forzando los ojos.
Instrucciones
Compare the four images below to see how myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism can affect what a person sees.
Pregunta
Which of the activities below would be difficult for a person with distance vision problems?
- Leer la pizarra de un aula
- Reconocer a las personas sentadas en un salón grande
- Leer un libro
- Coser
- Leer las señales de tránsito
Depending on how much the person’s vision is affected, these things may be difficult for a person with distance vision problems to do without the right prescription spectacles:
- Leer la pizarra de un aula
- Reconocer a las personas sentadas en un salón grande
- Leer las señales de tránsito
Which of the activities below would be difficult for a person with near vision problems?
- Leer la pizarra de un aula
- Reconocer a las personas sentadas en un salón grande
- Leer un libro
- Coser
- Leer las señales de tránsito
Depending on how much the person’s vision is affected, these things may be difficult for a person with near vision problems to do without the right near vision spectacles:
- Leer un libro
- Coser
Distance vision problems (myopia), near vision problems (hyperopia), near vision problems in older adults (presbyopia) and astigmatism can usually be corrected or improved with prescription spectacles, contact lenses or surgery.
Debate
Comente con sus colegas:
- Do you, family members, or people you know wear prescription spectacles?
- Are prescription spectacles readily available in your area? If so, who provides them? What is the cost?
Instrucciones
Provision of standard near vision spectacles (not prescription spectacles) is included in TAP.
Meet Alitia
A Alitia le gusta ir a la escuela, jugar al fútbol y pasar tiempo con sus amistades.
When Alitia first started school, her teacher noticed that she was finding learning to read the blackboard difficult and was losing confidence.
When all students were given a vision screen, Alitia was identified as having a possible vision problem. She was referred to an eye health professional who tested her vision and found that she had myopia. She received prescription spectacles.
Alitia recuperó muy pronto la confianza en sí misma y las clases dejaron de resultarle difíciles.
She goes for follow up appointments to the eye health professional every year, to make sure her prescription spectacles are working well for her.
Él es Malik
Malik is a tailor aged 45. He recently began using near vision spectacles to read stories to his grandson and to sew.
Pregunta
¿Qué problema de visión cree que tiene Malik?
- Distance vision problem (myopia)
- Near vision problem (hyperopia)
- Astigmatismo
- Near vision problem in older adults (presbyopia)
Malik has presbyopia, because his vision problem began as he became older and affects seeing up close.